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Fear: A Novel of World War I (New York…
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Fear: A Novel of World War I (New York Review Books Classics) (original 1930; udgave 2014)

af Gabriel Chevallier, John Berger (Introduktion), Malcolm Imrie (Oversætter)

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4181660,060 (4.13)21
"Fear is a classic of war literature, a book to place on the shelf with Storm of Steel, A Farewell to Arms, and Going After Cacciato. Jean Dartemont, the hero of Gabriel Chevallier's autobiographical novel, enters what was not yet known as World War I in 1915, when it was just beginning to be clear that a war that all the combatants were initially confident would move swiftly to a conclusion was instead frozen murderously in place. After enduring the horrors of the trenches and the deadly leagues of no-man's-land stretching beyond them, Jean is wounded and hospitalized. Away from the front, he confronts the relentless blindness of the authorities and much of the general public to the hideous realities of modern, mechanized combat. Jean decides he must resist. How? By telling the simple truth. Urged to encourage new recruits with tales of derring-do service, Jean does not mince words. What did he do on the battlefield? He responds like a man: "I was afraid." Acclaimed as "the most beautiful book ever written on the tragic events that blood-stained Europe" for five years, prosecuted on first publication as an act of sedition, Fear appears for the first time in the United States in Malcolm Imrie's poetic and prizewinning translation on the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I, the conflict with which the twentieth century came into its own. Chevallier's masterpiece remains, in the words of John Berger, "a book of the utmost urgency and relevance.""--… (mere)
Medlem:sbnicar
Titel:Fear: A Novel of World War I (New York Review Books Classics)
Forfattere:Gabriel Chevallier
Andre forfattere:John Berger (Introduktion), Malcolm Imrie (Oversætter)
Info:NYRB Classics (2014), Paperback, 328 pages
Samlinger:Læst, men ikke ejet
Vurdering:
Nøgleord:fiction, 20th c., french, nyrb, done, 2014

Work Information

Fear: a novel of World War I af Gabriel Chevallier (1930)

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Engelsk (8)  Catalansk (3)  Spansk (2)  Italiensk (1)  Hollandsk (1)  Fransk (1)  Alle sprog (16)
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Written by a French veteran of the First World War, FEAR is one of the great anti-war novels. Not as melodramatic as JOHNNY GOT HIS GUN nor even ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT (and I use "melodramatic" only in a comparative sense), nor as absurdly comic as CATCH-22, Gabriel Chevallier's novel is simply (at least on the surface) a seemingly objective description of the life of a French poilu, or foot-soldier, in the trenches of northern France from 1914 to 1918. Chevallier recoils not one bit from the horrors so numbingly omnipresent on the battlefields of that wretched war, but he writes with an apparent detachment that obliterates the sense of this as a polemic. Yet the book is even more effective for Chevallier's seeming disdain for pushing an agenda, and beneath the surface lies a hidden lake of bile, sarcasm, and outrage. FEAR is an obscure book compared to the classic anti-war novels mentioned above, and has only recently been rediscovered and reissued. It is perhaps the most poetic novel of its type ever written. Blood, anguish, and a sardonic dolefulness hang on every word. It is an extraordinary achievement. ( )
  jumblejim | Aug 26, 2023 |
Si puo' dare cosa piu' ridicola di questa: che un uomo abbia diritto di uccidermi perche' abita sull'altra riva del fiume e il suo sovrano e' in lite con il mio, benche' io non lo sia con lui? PASCAL (11)

Gli uomini sono stupidi ed ignoranti. Da qui la loro infelicita'.Invece di riflettere credono a tutto cio' che gli raccontano, a tutto cio' che gli insegnano. Scelgono capi e padroni senza giudicarli, con una funesta inclinazione per la schiavitu'. Gli uomini sono pecoroni. E questo rende possibili gli eserciti e le guerre. Muoiono vittime della loro stupida docilita'. (23) -Genealogia della morale, Nietzsche-

Una vampata che sembrava investire il mondo intero ci strappo' al torpore. Avevamo appena superato una cresta, e il fronte, davanti a noi, ruggiva con tutte le sue bocche infuocate, fiammeggiando come una fucina infernale i cui mostruosi crogioli trasformavano in una lava di sangue la carne deglu uomini. Ci veniva la pelle d'oca all'idea di essere solo una palata di carbone destinata ad alimentare quella fornace, al pensiero che dei soldati, laggiu', lottavano contro la tempesta di ferro, contro l'uragano di fuoco che faceva ardere il cielo e tremare le fondamenta della terra. (45)

Ho paura? La mia ragione ha paura. Ma io evito di consultarla. (94)

"Ma allora cosa ha fatto in guerra?"
"Quello che mi hanno ordinato, ne' piu' ne' meno. Temo che in quello che ho fatto non ci sia niente di particolarmente glorioso, e che nessuno degli sforzi cui sono stato costretto abbia recato danno al nemico. Temo anche di avere usurpato il posto che occupo in questo ospedale, e persino le vostre cure".
"Lei e' proprio irritante! Su, risponda. Le abbiamo chiesto che cosa ha fatto!"
"Ah, si... Be', ho marciato giorno e notte senza sapere dove stando andando. Ho preso parte alle esercitazioni, sfilato alle parate, scavato trincee, trasportato filo spinato e sacchi di sabbia, montato la guardia alla feritoia. Ho avuto fame senza avere da mangiare, sete senza avere da bere, sonno senza poter dormire, freddo senza potermi scaldare, e i pidocchi senza potermi grattare... Ecco che cosa ho fatto!".
"Tutto qui?". (126-7)

"E la liberta'?".
"La mia liberta' mi segue ovunque. E' nel mio pensiero. Per me Shakespeare e' una patria, e Goethe un'altra... (131)

"Ve la passate bene, lassu'?".
Allibito, guardo quel vecchio babbeo dalla faccia smorta. Ma subito gli rispondo affabilmente:
"Certo, signore... ".
Il suo viso si illumina. Sento che sta per esclamare: "Ah, i nostri intrepidi ragazzi!".
Allora aggiungo:
"... ci divertiamo un mondo: seppelliamo compagni ogni sera!".
Il suo sorriso fa marcia indietro, e il suo complimento gli si strozza in gola. (156)

A un bivio desolato ho scoperto un crocifisso di ferro, corroso da una ruggine simile a sangue rappreso. Sul basamento di pietra graffiato dai proiettili, una mano maldestra ha scritto: "Da smistare nelle retrovie". Non vedo niente di blasfemo in tali parole, niente che alluda alla natura divina del soggetto. Chi le ha incise ha voluto dire che quell'uomo in croce aveva gia' pagato il suo debito, e che al fronte non aveva piu' niente da fare. O forse intendeva suggerire che per avere diritto ad essere rimandati indietro bisogna aver sofferto, come lui, in tutte le membra, nel corpo e nel cuore. (171-2)

L'oscurita' deforma le cose, le ingrandisce, da' loro un aspetto inquietante e minaccioso: il minimo soffio d'aria le anima di vita umana. Gli oggetti hanno sagome di nemici; avverto dappertutto respiri trattenuti, pupille dilatate che mi osservano, dita contratte sui grilletti; mi aspetto da un momento all'altro di veder apparire l'accecante lingua di fuoco di un'arma. (191)

"Non e' una questione di tempo, ne' di attacchi riusciti. Il cambio non arriva se le unita' non hanno perso almeno il cinquanta per cento degli effettivi".
La notizia e'per noi un duro colpo. Meta' degli effettivi! Allora penso: qui siamo quattro e nessuno di noi ha piu' di venticinque anni. Due devono morire. Chi? Mio malgrado cerco sugli altri qualche segno del destino, uno di quegli indizi che contraddistinguono le persone marchiate da una tragica fatalita'. (223-4)

Il colmo dell'orrore, che rende lo scoramento ancora piu' grave, e' che la paura non toglie all'uomo la facolta' di giudicarsi. Egli vede se stesso sull'ultimo gradino dell'ignominia e non riesce a risollevarsi, a giustificarsi ai suoi stessi occhi. (237)

Ci nascondiamo, non vogliamo che ci trovino, e se chiameranno non risponderemo. Basta! Per oggi davvero basta. Non vogliamo piu’ uscire, ne’ attraversare l’altopiano sotto il tiro di sbarramento sperando che un altro miracolo ci salvi la vita. Ci copriamo il viso, facciamo finta di dormire. Ma ascoltiamo con tutte le nostre forze, in preda alla disperazione, in preda al terrore, come pazzi, cio’ che succede sopra le nostre teste: sembra la carica di un branco di elefanti che calpestano e stritolano tutto. Le granate regnano sovrane. Abbiamo paura, paura…
“Non finisce mai… E’ impossibile salvarsi!”.
Uno schianto a una delle uscite. Feriti che urlano, urlano… (252)

Con il passo lungo e agile del fante, Jean Dartemont va a farsi ammazzare su questo altopiano dell’Aisne, senza fare appello ne’ all’idea del dovere ne’ a Dio. (274)

In me non c’e’ odio, detesto solo i mediocri, gli sciocchi, che spesso sono proprio quelli che vengono promossi e diventano onnipotenti. Il mio unico patrimonio e’ la vita. Non ho bene piu’ prezioso da difendere. La mia unica patria e’ cio’ che riusciro’ a raggiungere o creare. Me ne frego di come i vivi si spartiranno il mondo quando saro’ sottoterra, delle loro frontiere, delle loro alleanze e delle loro contese. Chiedo solo di vivere in pace, lontano dalle caserme, dai campi di battaglia e dai geni militari di ogni sorta. Vivere in un posto qualsiasi, purche’ tranquillo, e diventare lentamente cio’ che sono destinato a essere… Il mio ideale non e’ uccidere. E se devo morire voglio che sia liberamente, per un’idea che mi stara’ a cuore, in un conflitto in cui avro’ la mia parte di responsabilita’...”.
“Dartemont!”
“Si’, signor maggiore?”
“Vada subito all’undicesima a vedere dove sono piazzate le mitragliatrici”.
“Si’, signor maggiore!”. (292)

( )
  NewLibrary78 | Jul 22, 2023 |
En esta novela Chevallier se inspira en su propia experiencia en la guerra para escribirla, es la historia de un joven de 19 años que se resiste a morir en la guerra para la que ha sido llamado a filas contra su voluntad, relata el calvario vivido durante los cuatro años que duró la contienda: su bautizo de fuego, las heridas, el hospital, la convalecencia, el regreso al frente, las trincheras, las noches pasadas dentro de los agujeros de los obuses, los piojos, el frío, el hambre, los gases, los gritos de dolor, los cadáveres.
  Natt90 | Jul 18, 2022 |
M.2.2
  David.llib.cat | Oct 22, 2020 |
Gabriel Chevallier's FEAR was first published in 1930, but wasn't translated from the French into English until 2011. I read the NYRB edition and John Berger's introduction tells us that the book was 'suppressed' during the Second World War, because of its ultra-negative attitude towards war. Indeed, Chevallier's overriding message in this highly autobiographical novel is that fear and survival are the infantryman's most constant thoughts. Early on, he gives us an image of his narrator, Jean Dartemont, checking and tightening all the straps and fastenings on his kit, saying -

"But remember this: your future old age depends on whatever helps you run. Agility is the best weapon of any clear-thinking, well organised infantryman, when things don't quite turn out the way the general imagined ... While you are affecting your strategic withdrawal, at the double, if your flies let you down and your trousers drop around your ankles, then you're well and truly collared by the comrades from Berlin."

And, a bit later -

"I have a single idea: get through the bullets, the grenades, the shells, get through them all, whether victorious or defeated. And moreover, 'to be alive is to be victorious.' This was also the sole idea of everyone around me ... I remember that I am twenty years old."

Chevallier's description of trench warfare is thorough and graphic, as he describes the trials, the tedium and the terror of sudden shelling, and worst of all, the 'over the top' advances. He also gives us a peek at the role of religion in the ranks, in an exchange between Dartemont and the unit chaplain, a priest who tries to justify the killing in war. But Jean is having none of it, and finally leaves, noting -

"Alas, God's ministers are just as much in the dark as we are ... As soon as you start to use your reason, to look for a rainbow, you always run up against the great excuse, mystery. You will be advised to light some candles, put coins in the box, say a few rosaries, and make yourself stupid."

The narrator also considers the question of self-mutilation (i.e. shooting oneself or each other in the hand or foot) to escape the front-lines, noting that -

"Soldiers talk plainly of these things, without approving or condemning, because war has accustomed them to seeing what is monstrous as natural. To them the greatest injustice is that others dispose of their lives without asking them, and have lied to them in bringing them here. This legalised injustice cancels out all morality ... They declare, without the slightest trace of shame, "We're only there because we don't have any choice.'"

There is an interesting segment which talks of a French platoon who was "on good terms with the enemy." They would exchange bread and tobacco with each other and would commune from the trenches across no-man's land in a friendly manner. But when the word got out, an inquiry was ordered, and some French NCOs were court-martialed and reduced in rank.

"The fear seemed to be that the troops would come together to end the war, overruling the generals. Apparently this outcome would have been something terrible. Hatred must never diminish. That is the order. But in spite of everything we are losing our appetite for hatred ..."

Reading FEAR in the mids of the current pandemic, I found it odd and interesting that the flu epidemic of that era, which supposedly was instrumental in ending the war, is barely mentioned. Near the end of the story, Dartemont comments -

"We were struck by a flu epidemic and a lot of men were evacuated. I had an attack myself. On the evening we were being relieved, fever took hold of me, and as I was leaving the trench, my legs gave way. Luckily I found a cart that brought me here. I've just spent four days flat on a straw mattress, not eating."

And that's pretty much it. Nothing more is said of the flu epidemic. Dartemont made it through the war - four years of it - both as a front-line soldier, and, after a serious shrapnel injury and a months-long recovery in a hospital, as a 'runner' for the company commander, a 'dug-in' job, comparable to the 'pogues' and 'remf's" of later wars.

Fear and self-preservation as prime motivating factors for the infantryman are certainly well-represented in Chevallier's novel. And, as an anti-war tome, perhaps it is best summed up in these lines -

"Let me give you the balance sheet of this war: fifty great men to go down in the annals of history; millions of dead who won't be mentioned any more; and one thousand millionaires who lay down the law. A soldier's life is worth about fifty francs in the wallet of some fat industrialist in London, Paris, Berlin, New York, Vienna or anywhere else ... Human stupidity is incurable."

FEAR is certainly genuine-seeming and well-written, and yet it was, for me, something of a slog. And I'm not really sure why. Maybe something was lost in translation. But I will, nevertheless, recommend it highly for war lit enthusiasts. (three and a half stars)

- Tim Bazzett, author of the Cold War memoir, SOLDIER BOY: AT PLAY IN THE ASA ( )
  TimBazzett | Sep 8, 2020 |
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"Fear is a classic of war literature, a book to place on the shelf with Storm of Steel, A Farewell to Arms, and Going After Cacciato. Jean Dartemont, the hero of Gabriel Chevallier's autobiographical novel, enters what was not yet known as World War I in 1915, when it was just beginning to be clear that a war that all the combatants were initially confident would move swiftly to a conclusion was instead frozen murderously in place. After enduring the horrors of the trenches and the deadly leagues of no-man's-land stretching beyond them, Jean is wounded and hospitalized. Away from the front, he confronts the relentless blindness of the authorities and much of the general public to the hideous realities of modern, mechanized combat. Jean decides he must resist. How? By telling the simple truth. Urged to encourage new recruits with tales of derring-do service, Jean does not mince words. What did he do on the battlefield? He responds like a man: "I was afraid." Acclaimed as "the most beautiful book ever written on the tragic events that blood-stained Europe" for five years, prosecuted on first publication as an act of sedition, Fear appears for the first time in the United States in Malcolm Imrie's poetic and prizewinning translation on the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I, the conflict with which the twentieth century came into its own. Chevallier's masterpiece remains, in the words of John Berger, "a book of the utmost urgency and relevance.""--

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