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Rewriting the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory

af Ian Hacking

MedlemmerAnmeldelserPopularitetGennemsnitlig vurderingOmtaler
1972136,533 (3.8)1
Twenty-five years ago one could list by name the tiny number of multiple personalities recorded in the history of Western medicine, but today hundreds of people receive treatment for dissociative disorders in every sizable town in North America. Clinicians, backed by a grassroots movement of patients and therapists, find child sexual abuse to be the primary cause of the illness, while critics accuse the "MPD" community of fostering false memories of childhood trauma. Here the distinguished philosopher Ian Hacking uses the MPD epidemic and its links with the contemporary concept of child abuse to scrutinize today's moral and political climate, especially our power struggles about memory and our efforts to cope with psychological injuries. What is it like to suffer from multiple personality? Most diagnosed patients are women: why does gender matter? How does defining an illness affect the behavior of those who suffer from it? And, more generally, how do systems of knowledge about kinds of people interact with the people who are known about? Answering these and similar questions, Hacking explores the development of the modern multiple personality movement. He then turns to a fascinating series of historical vignettes about an earlier wave of multiples, people who were diagnosed as new ways of thinking about memory emerged, particularly in France, toward the end of the nineteenth century. Fervently occupied with the study of hypnotism, hysteria, sleepwalking, and fugue, scientists of this period aimed to take the soul away from the religious sphere. What better way to do this than to make memory a surrogate for the soul and then subject it to empirical investigation? Made possible by these nineteenth-century developments, the current outbreak of dissociative disorders is embedded in new political settings. Rewriting the Soul concludes with a powerful analysis linking historical and contemporary material in a fresh contribution to the archaeology of knowledge. As Foucault once identified a politics that centers on the body and another that classifies and organizes the human population, Hacking has now provided a masterful description of the politics of memory : the scientizing of the soul and the wounds it can receive.… (mere)
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Fuuuck! I have lots to say...but can't seem to think of how to say it right now. This book truly makes you think. Multiple Personality, memory, biopolitics, false memories, ways of being, semantic contagion, child abuse, false consciousness.
My biggest qualm is he could have kept writing for 500 more pages and it would have been necessary. God damnit I want more. ( )
  weberam2 | Nov 24, 2017 |
Like many of the essays that Stephen Jay Gould writes narrating surprising connections in the history of evolutionary science, Hacking's Rewriting the Soul tells part of the background story of the MPD diagnosis, placing it in its historical context. (SDAs and x-sdas will be interested in the role of mesmerism in this history. I am still thinking through the significance for Ellen White studies.) Hacking seems to be sympathetic to pragmatist philosophy, but there are some interesting places where he is decidedly not pragmatist. In 3 or so places in this book, he argues against consequentialist ethics, but he does so in a way that surprises me given that Hacking is an historian of statistics. The shape of the argument is this: Given an act, he argues that simply because that act produces no harmful consequences or even all good consequences, that act can still be ethically bad, appearing to agree with this definition from Wikipedia: "Deontologists who are also moral absolutists believe that some actions are wrong no matter what consequences follow from them" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deontolo...). But the type of actions in question are part of a class where there is good statistical grounds for believing that, on average, acts of that type produce bad consequences. So given that a particular act in that class produced no bad, or even all good, consequences is not an persuasive criticism of consequentialist ethics. I have a hard time making any sense of a class of acts that rarely, if ever, produce bad consequences--despite that--being moral bad on deontological or moral absolutist grounds. ( )
  Darrol | Aug 6, 2010 |
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Twenty-five years ago one could list by name the tiny number of multiple personalities recorded in the history of Western medicine, but today hundreds of people receive treatment for dissociative disorders in every sizable town in North America. Clinicians, backed by a grassroots movement of patients and therapists, find child sexual abuse to be the primary cause of the illness, while critics accuse the "MPD" community of fostering false memories of childhood trauma. Here the distinguished philosopher Ian Hacking uses the MPD epidemic and its links with the contemporary concept of child abuse to scrutinize today's moral and political climate, especially our power struggles about memory and our efforts to cope with psychological injuries. What is it like to suffer from multiple personality? Most diagnosed patients are women: why does gender matter? How does defining an illness affect the behavior of those who suffer from it? And, more generally, how do systems of knowledge about kinds of people interact with the people who are known about? Answering these and similar questions, Hacking explores the development of the modern multiple personality movement. He then turns to a fascinating series of historical vignettes about an earlier wave of multiples, people who were diagnosed as new ways of thinking about memory emerged, particularly in France, toward the end of the nineteenth century. Fervently occupied with the study of hypnotism, hysteria, sleepwalking, and fugue, scientists of this period aimed to take the soul away from the religious sphere. What better way to do this than to make memory a surrogate for the soul and then subject it to empirical investigation? Made possible by these nineteenth-century developments, the current outbreak of dissociative disorders is embedded in new political settings. Rewriting the Soul concludes with a powerful analysis linking historical and contemporary material in a fresh contribution to the archaeology of knowledge. As Foucault once identified a politics that centers on the body and another that classifies and organizes the human population, Hacking has now provided a masterful description of the politics of memory : the scientizing of the soul and the wounds it can receive.

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