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Psykiatriens historie - fra asyl til Prozac (1997)

af Edward Shorter

MedlemmerAnmeldelserPopularitetGennemsnitlig vurderingSamtaler
1574173,554 (4.09)Ingen
"PPPP . . . To compress 200 years of psychiatric theory andpractice into a compelling and coherent narrative is a fineachievement . . . . What strikes the reader [most] are Shorter'sstorytelling skills, his ability to conjure up the personalities ofthe psychiatrists who shaped the discipline and the conditionsunder which they and their patients lived."--Ray Monk The Mail onSunday magazine, U.K. "An opinionated, anecdote-rich history. . . . While psychiatristsmay quibble, and Freudians and other psychoanalysts will surelysquawk, those without a vested interest will be thoroughlyentertained and certainly enlightened."--Kirkus Reviews. "Shorter tells his story with immense panache, narrative clarity,and genuinely deep erudition."--Roy Porter Wellcome Institute forthe History of Medicine. In A History of Psychiatry, Edward Shorter shows us the harsh,farcical, and inspiring realities of society's changing attitudestoward and attempts to deal with its mentally ill and the effortsof generations of scientists and physicians to ease theirsuffering. He paints vivid portraits of psychiatry's leadinghistorical figures and pulls no punches in assessing their roles inadvancing or sidetracking our understanding of the origins ofmental illness. Shorter also identifies the scientific and cultural factors thatshaped the development of psychiatry. He reveals the forces behindthe unparalleled sophistication of psychiatry in Germany during theeighteenth and nineteenth centuries as well as the emergence of theUnited States as the world capital of psychoanalysis. This engagingly written, thoroughly researched, and fiercelypartisan account is compelling reading for anyone with a personal,intellectual, or professional interest in psychiatry.… (mere)
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In "Een geschiedenis van de psychiatrie" gaat de Canadese hoogleraar Edward Shorter in 8 hoofdstukken door de geschiedenis van de psychiatrie heen.
1): De geboorte van de psychiatrie aan het eind van de 18e eeuw, waarbij gestichten voor het eerst een therapeutische functie kregen.
2): Het tijdperk van het gesticht met toenemende aantallen patiënten.
3): De eerste biologische psychiatrie: een tijdperk dat tot ongeveer 1900 duurt. Gedurende deze periode beschouwt men geestesziekten als ontstaan door afwijkingen in de hersenen en doet men veel onderzoek naar de hersenen.
4): Zenuwen. Over de neiging geesteszieken te behandelen door middel van (rust)kuren.
5): Het psychoanalytisch hiaat: De periode waarin het gedachtegoed van Freud overheerst, in de VS tussen pakweg 1930 en 1970. Men denkt dat geesteszieken veroorzaakt worden door omgevingsfactoren waarbij men langdurige psychoanalyses toepast om inzicht te krijgen in de problemen. Deze aanpak blijkt voor de zwaardere patiënten in het geheel niet te werken.
6): Alternatieven: Van koortskuur bij neurosyfilis tot slaaptherapie, electroshock en lobotomie.
7): De tweede biologische psychiatrie: Men ontdekt in de jaren 50 de antipsychotica waarbij het voor het eerst mogelijk wordt om de zwaardere patiënten echt te helpen.
8): Van Freud tot Prozac: De psychiaters proberen om hun marktaandeel te behouden, nadruk op diagnostiek en de ontdekking van medicijnen tegen depressie zoals Prozac.
Eindconclusie luidt dat de combinatie van pillen plus praten het beste werkt.
Het is een interessant boek, maar het bevat in mijn ogen veel onnodige details en is daardoor voor de geïnteresseerde patiënt waarschijnlijk te moeilijk om te lezen. De vertaling is zoals we van Tinke Davids gewend zijn goed. ( )
  erikscheffers | Jan 23, 2011 |
In a way similar to his "From Paralysis to Fatigue" Shorter writes of the evolution of psychiatry from its biological origins in asylums and degenerative brain disorders, to a 50 year "detour" into psychoanalysis, then back to biological origins in psychopharmacology. I found some interesting insights. Neurology in the turn of the century was really the place where mildly neurotic outpatients turned for officebased psychotherapy, and the development of psychoanalysis was critical for breaking the psychiatrist out of the mental hospital into a potentially lucrative practice. The psychoanalysts in this century resisted attempts to diagnose and classify disease, feeling the identification of the psychodynamic was more important. It was interesting to read of events in the 1970's and 1980's, for which I have a real memory, and some participation in the intellectual currents of the time, as history. It makes one question the underpinnings of one's learning to read its discrediting in the history of psychiatry I remember reading Thomas Szasz of the antipsychiatry movement with some approval during medical school, for instance.
Shorter also declares the deinstitutionalization of psychotics as an unmitigated disaster, a sentiment I agree with, and traces its origin to the therapeutic community concept in the military service hospitals in Britain during the second world war. ( )
  neurodrew | Oct 4, 2009 |
Excellently researched, compassionate without the melodrama of cries of abuse - (though there was abuse, but sometimes you just want the history) ( )
  coffeebookperfect | Jan 4, 2009 |
150 SCH 1
  luvucenanzo06 | Aug 11, 2023 |
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Before the end of the eighteenth century, there was no such thing as psychiatry.
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"PPPP . . . To compress 200 years of psychiatric theory andpractice into a compelling and coherent narrative is a fineachievement . . . . What strikes the reader [most] are Shorter'sstorytelling skills, his ability to conjure up the personalities ofthe psychiatrists who shaped the discipline and the conditionsunder which they and their patients lived."--Ray Monk The Mail onSunday magazine, U.K. "An opinionated, anecdote-rich history. . . . While psychiatristsmay quibble, and Freudians and other psychoanalysts will surelysquawk, those without a vested interest will be thoroughlyentertained and certainly enlightened."--Kirkus Reviews. "Shorter tells his story with immense panache, narrative clarity,and genuinely deep erudition."--Roy Porter Wellcome Institute forthe History of Medicine. In A History of Psychiatry, Edward Shorter shows us the harsh,farcical, and inspiring realities of society's changing attitudestoward and attempts to deal with its mentally ill and the effortsof generations of scientists and physicians to ease theirsuffering. He paints vivid portraits of psychiatry's leadinghistorical figures and pulls no punches in assessing their roles inadvancing or sidetracking our understanding of the origins ofmental illness. Shorter also identifies the scientific and cultural factors thatshaped the development of psychiatry. He reveals the forces behindthe unparalleled sophistication of psychiatry in Germany during theeighteenth and nineteenth centuries as well as the emergence of theUnited States as the world capital of psychoanalysis. This engagingly written, thoroughly researched, and fiercelypartisan account is compelling reading for anyone with a personal,intellectual, or professional interest in psychiatry.

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