This text includes an analysis of the role of moderation during a revolutionary upheaval in Reformation Scotland as well as a comprehensive portrait of the quintessential moderate of the Scottish Reformation, a man who trod the difficult middle ground between the forces of Knox and those of Regent Marie Guise and her daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots. It examines the sources and character of Secretary Maitland's moderation; traces his goals and motivations; delineates his political philosophy and practice; and shows the sort of religious establishment Maitland sought, as contrasted with John Knox's vision of the Church.