In "Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime" scholar Eliot Cohen asks what is it that distinguishes great leadership when war threatens annihilation to an idea, a country, a history, a people.

Think about it for a minute.

What would it mean if you and your neighbours, your home, your city, everything you know were threatened by a menace like Hitler and the German war machine?

Do you think you would be protected by the professional class of killers that is your military?

In the example of David Ben-Gurion, there was no experienced military. There was barely a war machine at all when Israel declared independence and faced the wrath of a 100 million Arabs surrounding it.

Ben-Gurion fashioned an effective leadership from men who could organize themselves, not just an impassioned group of partisans.

Among these great portraits of leadership under duress we find Lincoln taking firm hold over his generals, which would lead and which would be cast aside. We find Winston Churchill burrowing through the war plans questioning them, questioning their assumptions, documenting, reading, and revising. We find Georges Clemenceau finding the best in his generals Foch and Petain and engaging first hand in the trenches.

Cohen's point is that leadship does not wait for the professionals to take hold of the situation. Leaders get engaged, push themselves, and leave as little to chance as possible.

I can't imagine a scenario where Ulysses Grant gets the commission to lead the army under any other president. Lincoln saw someone absolutely determined to defeat the South.

Churchill's military leaders hated his meddling, fought him over everything, and yet they got the results.

Lincoln, Clemenceau, and Churchill all had their detractors. Before they took the reigns of power none of the elite in their homelands would have given them a chance of success.

All of these men were great readers. They were tireless. They were worldly. And they were tyrannical in pursuit of the good end.

Those are certainly the qualities I would want in my leader. Especially when somebody was trying to tear my country apart.

Wouldn't you? ( )

As stated in the preface, "This is a book about leadership in wartime - or more precisely about the tension between two kinds of leadership, civil and military." Cohen examines the military leadership of four war statesmen he considers to have been "great": Lincoln, Clemenceau, Churchill, and Ben Gurion. Their genius lay in their abilities to: (1) manage people - especially, conflicting personalities - so as to utilize all of them fruitfully; (2) tolerate, and even encourage, disagreement; (3) be flexible (willingness to change with circumstances and/or new information); (4) understand the interplay of war and politics; (5) juggle political coalitions; (6) relently acquire of information through interrogation of military (making a continuous audit of the military's judgment); (7) goad commanders into action; (8) inspire ("exhibiting a mastery of political rhetoric"); and (9) make an effort to mold the peace as well as the war ("to shape a larger vision"). Above all, they, as individuals, made an actual difference in the outcome of the wars. Contrasts are drawn with leadership during Vietnam, Iraq I, and Iraq II. Cohen clearly favors close civilian oversight (preferably of course, by a great leader). Interesting and thought-provoking read. (JAF)