This important study compares the policies and attitudes towards the health consequences of WWII in eleven European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, East-Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland and West-Germany. It shows the remarkably asynchronous development of the medical approach to the survivors in these countries. In a truly interdisciplinary and innovative way, the book connects aspects of the aftermath of war that are not usually analyzed together in the context of the political and cultural histories of the Cold War, welfare state, memory and psychiatry.