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Born in Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, Shelley was educated at Syon House Academy and Eton, where he acquired the sobriquet "Mad Shelley" for his independent spirit. While at Eton he published Zastrozzi (1810), a Gothic novel. Expelled from Oxford because he refused to retract his atheistic beliefs, Shelley quarreled with his wealthy father and was banished from home. Shelley married impulsively and then abandoned his young wife to run off to Italy with the 16-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin (the daughter of the radical feminist and the anarchist philosopher, who was eventually to write Frankenstein). While in Italy, Shelley became close friends with Byron, and the two became objects of endless, notorious rumor. Shelley's personal character was revered by almost everyone who knew him. Extremely generous toward others, frugal with himself, he strove tirelessly for the betterment of humanity. Prometheus Unbound (1820), a lyrical drama in four acts, calls for the regeneration of society through love and for the destruction of all repressive institutions. The Cenci (1819), a verse drama based on real events, is one of the few plays from the romantic period still produced. Shelley's lyrics are marvelously varied and rich in sound and rhythm. Wordsworth regarded him as the best artist among living poets.Adonais (1821), written to honor the memory of John Keats, is one of the supreme elegies in English.The Triumph of Life, which was left incomplete at his death, has been hailed by T. S. Eliot as the nearest approach in English to Dante (see Vol. 2). The "Ode to the West Wind" and "To a Skylark" are anthologized everywhere. Shelley's early death by drowning ended his career just as it was coming into full flower. A revolutionary in his art and life, Shelley is considered by many to be an inspired polemicist and poetic genius. As one of his contemporaries wrote in Etonian (1821), "He is one of the many whom we cannot read without wonder, or without pain. . . ." (Bowker Author Biography) — biography from The Complete Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley… (mere)
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Percy Bysshe Shelley was born near Horsham, Sussex, England to an aristocratic family. The eldest of six siblings, he was the heir to his grandfather’s considerable estates and his father's seat in Parliament. He attended Syon House Academy and Eton College (where he was miserable) before a brief spell at Oxford University. His first publication was Zastrozzi (1810), a Gothic novel. With his sister Elizabeth, he published Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire. A pamphlet that he wrote and circulated on "The Necessity of Atheism" resulted in his expulsion from Oxford. At age 19, he eloped to Scotland with 16-year-old Harriet Westbrook. Estranged from his father, he went to live in the Lake District of England and in Ireland. Two years later he published his first long serious work, Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem. His friendship with the philosopher William Godwin in London led to meeting and falling in love with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, his daughter. In 1814, Shelley and Mary eloped to Europe, but they returned after six weeks for lack of funds. They married in 1816 after Harriet Shelley was found drowned, an apparent suicide. Early in 1818, he and Mary left England forever. During the remaining four years of his life, he produced all his major works, including Prometheus Unbound (1820). Today he is considered one of the finest lyric poets in the English language. The Shelleys traveled and lived in various Italian cities and were part of a circle of Romantic poets and writers including Lord Byron and Leigh Hunt. In 1822, less than a month before his 30th birthday, Shelley was drowned in a storm while trying to sail his schooner from Livorno (Leghorn) to La Spezia, Italy. He was cremated and his ashes buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome.
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